CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Paraglossae are stretched proximally-laterally in such a manner, that their stretched parts lie laterad of mentum and dorsad of palps (Eaton 1883–1888: Pl.63: 6–7).

(2) Maxilla has 2 canines only (unlike three initial ones in Ephemera/fg10); distal dentiseta [see Plesiomorphies of Ephemera/fg9] is vestigial, nearly invisible between proximal dentiseta and canines (only Hexagenia/g3 limbata [E.] and Eatonigenia/g1 chinei [H.] are examined).

(3) In imago and subimago of both sexes paracercus is vestigial. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.3.22]).

(4) Apex of larval fore tibia projects posteriad of tarsus base and forms outer-apical denticle and inner-apical projection, with incision between them (Eaton 1883–1888: Pl.63: 9–10). Similar in Palingenia/f2=g1 and Ichthybotus; possibly, symplesiomorphy [see Fossoriae (1)].

Plesiomorphies of Hexagenia/fg1. Larval frontal projection is not bipointed (unlike Ephemera/fg10): semicircular, conic or non-expressed. In imago and subimago: Mesonotal suture is moderately stretched posteriorly, and subimaginal mesonotal cuticle has pigmented areas of characteristic shape [see Fimbriatotergaliae (2)].