CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z 

Plesiomorphies of Paegniodes. Unlike other Rhithrogena/fg1 (i.e. Rhithrogena/fg2 and Epeorus/fg1), subimaginal lateroparapsidal stripe of pigmented area of mesonotum retains shape initial for Heptagennota [see Heptagennota (2)], i.e. is widened toward apex and its posterior-median angle touches medioparapsidal suture [in spite of the fact that lateroparapsidal suture is curved and does not touch medioparapsidal suture – see Rhithrogena/fg1 (3)] (Kluge 2004: Fig.64:A).

Unlike Rhithrogena/fg2: maxilla is long [see Radulapalpata (3)], ventral row of setae [see Branchitergaliae (1)] is straight, parallel to median margin (Kluge 1988: Fig.38) (the same in Cinygma and Epeorus/fg1 – see Index of characters [1.1.30]); penis without additional pair of ventral titillators, with a pair of well-developed median titillators [see Pentamerotarsata (5)]; apices of these median titillators project at ventral side of penis being directed laterally, thus have some resemblance with a single pair of ventral titillators in Rhithrogena/fg3; but unlike ventral titillators, they arise from median walls of penis lobes.

Inlike Epeorus/fg1: larval paracercus is as long as cerci, primary swimming setae [vestigial – see Pentamerotarsata (6)] are present; imaginal and subimaginal mesonotal suture is normally developed [see Plesiomorphies of Branchitergaliae] (Kluge 2004: Fig.64:A).

Each superlingua is roundish, not narrowing toward apex (Tshernova 1976: Fig.43) (unlike Rhithrogena/fg2 and Epeorus/fg3), but lateral margins of superlinguae are not divergent (unlike Bleptus, Ironodes and other Pentamerotarsata [for comment – see Ironodes (3) below]. Glossae are pyramidal [see Radulapalpata (1)] (Tshernova 1976: Fig.45). Larval and adult patella-tibial suture is developed on middle and hind legs (unlike most of larval Epeorus/fg1), absent on fore legs (unlike larval Rhithrogena/fg3).