International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS
taxa names:
Ap
Apaloderma Swainson 1833, Zool. Illustr., (2)3(24): pl. 107 (gender: neuter) (type species, by original designation: Trogon narina Stephens 1815, in Shaw, Gen. Zool. (Aves), 9(1): 14) (Aves). Opinion 67
APARALLACTINAE Bourgeois 1968, Publ. Univ. Offic. Congo Lumumbashi, 18: 165 (type genus: Aparallactus Smith 1849), ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over the family-group name URIECHINAE Cope 1893 whenever Aparallactus Smith 1849 and Uriechis Peters 1854 are placed in the same family-group taxon (Reptilia). Opinion 1201
Aparallactus Smith 1849, Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, Reptilia: 15 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Aparallactus capensis Smith 1849, Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, Reptilia: 16) (Reptilia). Opinion 1201
Apatania Kolenati 1847, Allgem. deutsch. Naturhist. Ztg., 2(5-6): folio page appendix (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Apatania wallengreni McLachlan 1871, Entomol. mon. Mag., 7: 281) (Insecta, Trichoptera). Opinion 586
APATANIIDAE Wallengren 1891, K. svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., 24(10): 85 (type genus: Apatania Kolenati 1847) (Insecta, Trichoptera). Opinion 586
Apatele Hübner 1808, Erste Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett.: 5 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 789
Apatura [Illiger] 1807, Allgem. Lit. Ztg., Halle (Jena), 1807 (No. 2): 1181 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 232
Apatura Fabricius 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 6: 280 (conserved under the plenary power) (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Curtis 1831 (Brit. Entomol., 5: pl. 338): Papilio iris Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 476, as interpreted by the lectotype designated under the plenary power, namely the specimen figured by South 1906 (The Butterflies of the British Isles: pl. 29, fig. 1) (type locality: ‘England’)) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 232, Opinion 264
APATURIDAE (correction of APATURIDES) Boisduval 1840, Genera et Index methodicus Europaeorum Lepidopterorum: 24 (type genus: Apatura Fabricius 1807) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Direction 99, Direction 118
APATURIDES Boisduval 1840, Genera et Index methodicus Europaeorum Lepidopterorum: 24 (type genus: Apatura Fabricius 1807) (an incorrect original spelling for APATURIDAE Boisduval 1840). Direction 99
Apediopelte Holmberg 1917, Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 28: 561 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
Apeistus Motschulsky 1840, Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1840: 186 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1397
Aper Pallas 1766, Miscell. zool.: 16 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 466
aperea Erxleben 1777 [originally in Cavia], Systema regni animalis ... Classis 1 (Mammalia), p. 348, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being pre-dated by a name based on a domestic form (Mammalia). Opinion 2027
Aphanes Holmberg 1918, Physis (Buenos Aires), 4: 146 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
APHANIDAE Lethierry & Severin 1894, Cat. gén. Hémipt., 2: 188 (type genus: Aphanus auct.) (invalid because based on a misidentified type genus). Opinion 676
Aphanius Nardo 1827 Giornale di Fisica, Chimica, Storia naturale, Medicina ed Arti (Pavia), Decade Seconde, 10: 34, 39-40 (gender: masculine) (type species, by subsequent designation by Jordan 1917, Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series, 27: 121: Aphanius nanus Nardo 1827, a junior subjective synonym of Lebias fasciata Valenciennes in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 2057
aphanoides Costa 1841 [originally in Tritomacera], Ann. Soc. entomol. France, (1)10: 296, 297 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 680
Aphanus Laporte 1833, Mag. Zool., 2, Suppl.: 35 (conserved under the plenary power) (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Kirkaldy 1900 (Entomologist, 33(448): 241): Cimex rolandri Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 448) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 676
Aphelocheira Stephens 1836, Ill. Brit. Entomol., Mand., 6: 179 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 758
APHIDAE [Leach 1815], in Brewster’s Edinburgh Ency., 9: 125, 126 (type genus: Aphis Linnaeus 1758) (an incorrect subsequent spelling for APHIDIDAE Latreille [1802]). Opinion 677
APHIDIDAE (correction of APHIDII) Latreille [1802], in Sonnini’s Buffon, Hist. nat. gén. partic. Crust. Ins., 3: 263 (type genus: Aphis Linnaeus 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 677
APHIDII Latreille [1802], in Sonnini’s Buffon, Hist. nat. gén. partic. Crust. Ins., 3: 263 (type genus: Aphis Linnaeus 1758) (an incorrect original spelling for APHIDIDAE Latreille [1802]). Opinion 677
APHIDINA Burmeister 1835, Handb. Entomol., 2: 85 (type genus: Aphis Linnaeus 1758) (an incorrect subsequent spelling for APHIDIDAE Latreille [1802]). Opinion 677
Aphidius Nees 1818, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 9: 302 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Aphidius avenae Haliday 1834, Entomol. Mag., 2(1): 99) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 284
APHIIDAE Baker 1921, Proc. entomol. Soc. Washington, 23: 101 (type genus: Aphis Linnaeus 1758) (an incorrect subsequent spelling for APHIDIDAE Latreille, [1802]). Opinion 677
Aphis Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 451 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Aphis sambuci Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 451) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 677
Aphobetoideus Ashmead (gender: masculine), available with type species by original designation Aphobetoideus comperei Ashmead (Opinion 42)
Aphodinus Motschulsky 1862, Études Entomologiques, vol. 11, p. 55 (gender: masculine), type species by subsequent designation by Dellacasa, Bordat & Dellacasa (2001) Aphodius castanicolor Motschulsky 1858, with the endorsement that it is not to be given priority over the name Ataenius Harold 1867 whenever the two are considered to be synonyms (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2241.
Aphonopelma Pocock 1901, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)8(48): 553 (gender: neuter) (type species, by original designation: Eurypelma seemanni Pickard-Cambridge 1897), ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over Rhechostica Simon 1892 whenever the two names are considered to be synonyms (Arachnida, Araneae). Opinion 1637
Aphrophora Germar 1821, Mag. Entomol. (Germar), 4(1): 48-50 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Cercopis alni Fallén [1806], K. svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. nya Handl., 26(4): 240-243) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 590
APHROPHORIDAE (correction by Dohrn 1859, of APHROPHORIDES) Amyot & Serville 1843, in Roret’s Suites à Buffon, Hist. nat. Ins., Hémipt.: 563 (type genus: Aphrophora Germar 1821) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 590
apiarius Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Attelabus], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 388 (specific name of the type species of Trichodes Herbst 1792) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1273
apiaster Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Merops], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 117 (specific name of the type species of Merops Linnaeus 1758) (Aves). Direction 4
apiata Vieillot 1816 [originally in Alauda], Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, Ed. 2, vol. 1, p. 342 (Aves). Opinion 1859
apicalis Schiner 1868 [originally in Pygophora], Nov. Reise, Diptera: 295 (specific name of the type species of Pygophora Schiner 1868) (Insecta, Diptera). Opinion 867
apicalis Erichson 1839 [originally in Tachinus], Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae, part 1, p. 250, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of T. apicalis Stephens 1832 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2053
APIDAE Burmeister 1843, Organ. Trilob.: table opp. p. 38 (type genus: Apus Cuvier 1800) (an incorrect original spelling for APODIDAE Burmeister 1843) (invalid because the name of the type genus is a junior homonym of Apus Scopoli 1777). Opinion 502
apii Curtis 1826 [originally in Alysia], British entomology, vol. 2, p. 141 (specific name of the type species of Dapsilarthra Foerster 1862) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 1424
APISTINI Ganglbauer 1899, Die Käfer von Mitteleuropa, p. 873 (invalid because based on a junior homonym, Apistus Agassiz 1846) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1397
Apistus Agassiz 1846, Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, p. 29 (a junior homonym of Apistus Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1397
Apletodon Briggs 1955, Stanford Ichth. Bull., 6: 22, 25 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Lepadogaster microcephalus Brook 1889, Proceedings roy. phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 10: 166, pl. 7, figs. 1- 4) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 638
Aplexa Fleming [1820], in Brewster’s Edinburgh Ency., 14: 617 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Bulla hypnorum Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 727) (Gastropoda). Opinion 335
Aplonis Gould 1836, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1836: 73 (gender: feminine), type species by subsequent designation Aplonis marginata Gould 1836 (Aves). Opinion 2285
Aplornis Gould 1836 (1 or 3 October), The Analyst, 17: 152, suppressed under the plenary power for the Purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy (Aves). Opinion 2285.
Aplysia (emendation of Laplysia) Linnaeus 1767, Systema Naturae, Ed. 12, vol. 1, part 2, p. 1082 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Aplysia depilans Gmelin [1791], in Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, vol. 1, part 6, p. 3103) (Gastropoda). Opinion 200
APLYSIIDAE Swainson 1840 (as APLYSIANAE), Treatise Malacology: 247, 248, 251 (type genus: Aplysia Linnaeus 1767) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1182
Apocreadiinae Skrjabin 1942: 60. (type genus Apocreadium Manter 1937) (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) no pecedence over Megaperidae Manter 1934. ICZN 2022: Opinion 2483 (Case 3775)
apoda Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Paradisaea], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 110, specific name of the type species of Paradisaea Linnaeus 1758 (Aves). Opinion 2294.
Apodasya Pascoe 1863, The Journal of Entomology, 2:54, type species by original designation Apodasya pilosa Pascoe 1863 (a junior subjective synonym of Chaetosoma pilosum Chevrolat 1843) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2287
APODES Billberg 1820, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billberg: 132 (type genus: Monops Billberg 1820) (invalid because based upon the specific name of the type species of the type genus). Opinion 502
APODIDAE (correction by Agassiz 1846 (Nomencl. zool. Index univ.: 30) of APIDAE) Burmeister 1843, Organ. Trilob.: table opp. p. 38 (type genus: Apus Cuvier 1800) (invalid because the name of the type genus is a junior homonym of Apus Scopoli 1777). Opinion 50
APODIDAE Reichenow 1897, Orn. Monatsber., 5: 10 (type genus: Apus Scopoli 1777) (invalid because published for some purpose other than zoological nomenclature). Opinion 502
APODINAE Hartert 1897, Das Tierreich, 1: 80 (type genus: Apus Scopoli 1777) (Aves). Opinion 502
Apodium Rafinesque 1814, Princip. fond. somiol.: 29 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 502
Apolybas Alvarenga 1965, Boletim da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Zoologia, 2(6): 81 (a junior objective synonym of Lybas Lacordaire 1842) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1824
Apolygus China 1941, Proceedings r. entomol. Soc. London (B), 10: 60 (gender: masculine) (type species, by original designation: Phytocoris limbatus Fallén 1829, Hemipt. svec.: 92) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 667
Aponaulax Holmberg 1917, Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 28: 571 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
Apophaneros Holmberg 1918, Physis (Buenos Aires), 4: 145 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
Aporcelaimus Thorne & Swanger 1936, Capita Zoologica, 6(4): 123 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Dorylaimus superbus de Man 1880) (Nematoda). Opinion 1904
Apos Scopoli 1777, Introd. Hist. nat.: 404 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 502
Apostraphia Hübner 1816, Verz. bekannt. Schmett., (1): 13 (a junior objective synonym of Heliconius Kluk 1802). Opinion 382
appendiculata Mayr 1885 [originally in Blastophaga], Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 35(1): 161, 164 (specific name of the type species of Ceratosolen Mayr 1885) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 682
appendiculata Rudolphi 1802 [originally in Fasciola], Archiv Zool. (Wiedemann), 3(1): 78 (specific name of the type species of Hemiurus Rudolphi 1809) (Trematoda). Direction 77
appendiculatus Müller 1852 [originally in Caligus], Arch. Naturgesch., 18(1): 92 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 943
applanata Hantken 1883 [originally in Globigerina], Ertek. Termesz. Köreböl. Tud. Akad., 13: 11, pl. 2, fig. 3 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1316
approximans Peale 1848 [originally in Circus] (Aves). ICZN 2021: Opinion 2472
Aptenodita Bonnaterre 1791, Ency. méth., Orn., 1: xxxiv (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Aptenodytes Miller 1778). Direction 44
Aptenodites Lesson 1837, Compl. Buffon, 9: 542 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Aptenodytes Miller 1778). Direction 44
Aptenodyta Gmelin 1788, in Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, vol. 2, part 1, pp. 242, 559 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Aptenodytes Miller 1778). Direction 44
Aptenodytes Forster 1777, in Forster, Voy. World, 1: 98 (a nomen nudum). Direction 44
Aptenodytes Miller 1778, Var. Subj. nat. Hist.: pl. 23 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Aptenodytes patagonica Miller 1778, Var. Subj. nat. Hist.: pl. 23) (Aves). Opinion 67
aptera Charpentier 1825 [originally in Forficula], Hor. Entomol.: 69 (specific name of the type species of Chelidura Berthold 1827) (Insecta, Dermaptera). Direction 5
aptera De Geer 1773 [originally in Sphex americana] (Arthropoda). ICZN 2014: Opinion 2333
Apterembia Ross 1957, Bull. zool. Nomencl., 13: 81 (gender: feminine) (type species, by original designation for the replaced name Dictyoploca Krauss 1911: Dictyoploca cercocyrta Krauss 1911, Zoologica, Stuttgart, No. 60: 55) (Insecta, Embioptera). Opinion 545
Apterornis Owen 1848, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 16: 1, ruled under the plenary power to be an incorrect original spelling of Aptornis (Aves). Opinion 1874
apterum Guérin-Méneville 1839 [originally in Ptilium], Dict. pitt. hist. nat. phén. nature: 621 (specific name of the type species of Ptinella Motschulsky 1844) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1307
Apteryx Shaw 1813, Nat. Miscell., 24: pl. 1057 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Apteryx australis Shaw 1813, Nat. Miscell., 24: pl. 1057) (Aves). Opinion 67
Aptinothrips Haliday 1836, Entomol. Mag., 3: 445 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Thrips (Aptinothrips) rufa Haliday 1836, Entomol. Mag., 3: 445) (Insecta, Thysanoptera). Opinion 1338
Aptornis Owen 1848, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 16: 1 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Dinornis otidiformis Owen 1844), ruled under the plenary power to be the correct original spelling of Apterornis (Aves). Opinion 1874
APTORNITHIDAE Bonaparte 1856, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 43: 109 (type genus: Aptornis Owen 1848) (Aves). Opinion 1874
Apus Cuvier [1797-1798], Tabl. élém. Hist. nat. Anim.: 700 (a nomen nudum). Opinion 502
Apus Cuvier 1800, Leçons Anat. comp., 1: tabl. 7 (a junior homonym of Apus Scopoli 1777). Opinion 502
Apus Latreille [1802], in Sonnini’s Buffon, Hist. nat. gén. partic. Crust. Ins., 3: 16 (a junior homonym of Apus Scopoli 1777). Opinion 502
Apus Schaeffer 1756, Krebsart. Kiefenfuss: 131 (invalid because published before the starting point of zoological nomenclature). Opinion 502
Apus Schoch 1868, Mikr. Thiere, 2: iii, 21 (a junior homonym of Apus Scopoli 1777). Opinion 502
Apus Scopoli 1777, Introd. Hist. nat.: 483 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Hirundo apus Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1: 192) (Aves). Opinion 502
apus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Hirundo], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 192 (specific name of the type species of Apus Scopoli 1777) (Aves). Opinion 502
apus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Monoculus], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 635, as interpreted by the lectotype designated by Holthuis 1956 (in Holthuis & Hemming, Bull. zool. Nomencl., 12: 72) (specific name of the type species of Lepidurus Leach 1819) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). Opinion 502
apus Tilesius von Tilenau 1818 [originally in Prionorhynchotus], Ann. Wetterau. Ges. Naturk., 4: 6 (included in a work suppressed under the plenary power for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 864
APUSIENS Milne Edwards 1840, in Roret’s Suites à Buffon, Hist. nat. Crust., 3: 353 (type genus: Apus Cuvier 1800) (a vernacular (French) name). Opinion 502