International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS
Ro
Robertus Pickard-Cambridge 1879, The Spiders of Dorset, p. 103 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Robertus astutus Pickard-Cambridge 1879, a junior objective synonym of Neriene neglectus Pickard-Cambridge 1871) (Arachnida, Araneae). Opinioin 1426
robiniae Fitch 1859 [originally in Microgaster], New York State Agricultural Society Transactions, 18: 836, ruled under the plenary power not to be given priority over the specific name of Apanteles ornigis Weed 1887 whenever the two names are considered to be synonyms (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 1480
roboris Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Aphis], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 452 (specific name of the type species of Lachnus Burmeister 1835) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinioin 399
robustulus Berlese 1904 [originally in Holostaspis subbadius], Redia, 1: 264, ruled under the plenary power to be a correction of rubustulus Berlese 1904 (Arachnida, Acarina). Opinioin 1638
robustum Broun 1911 [originally in Omalium], Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 43: 96, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of O. robustum Heer 1839 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinioin 2053
robustum Hyatt 1867 [originally in Phymatoceras], Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 1(5): 88 (specific name of the type species of Phymatoceras Hyatt 1867) (Cephalopoda). Opinioin 575
robustus Oliver 1953 [originally in Eudyptes], Emu, 53: 185-187 (Aves). Opinioin 1056
robustus Borradaile 1915 [originally in Periclimenaeus], Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8)15: 213 (specific name of the type species of Periclimenaeus, Borradaile 1915) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 470
robynsii Wesmael 1833 [originally in Harpognatus], Recueil Encyclopédique Belge, p. 121 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinioin 1597
Rochinia Milne Edwards 1875, Rech. zool. Hist. Faune Amér. centr. Mexique, 5(3): 86 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Rochinia gracilipes Milne Edwards 1875, Rech. zool. Hist. Faune Amér. centr. Mexique, 5(3): 86, pl. 18, fig. 1) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 712
Rodens [Renier] [1807], [Tav. serv. Class. Conn. Anim.]: Tav. VI (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 436
Rodens Renier [1804], Prospetto Classe Vermi: XVIII (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 427
rodgersii Stimpson 1858 [originally in Lachnopodus], Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858: 32 (specific name of the type species of Lachnopodus Stimpson 1858) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
roei Westwood 1845 [originally in Hybosorus] (Coleoptera). ICZN 2009: Opinion 2230 (Case 3400); ICZN 2021: Opinion 2477
Roeslerstammia Zeller 1839, Isis (von Oken), 1839(3): col. 202 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Alucita erxlebella Fabricius 1787) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinioin 1910
rolandri Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Cimex], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 448 (specific name of the type species of Aphanus Laporte 1833) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinioin 676
Roloffia Stenholt Clausen 1966, Revue Zool. Bot. afr., 73: 338 (a junior objective synonym of Callopanchax Myers 1933). Opinioin 1010
rolphii Turton 1831 [originally in Clausilia], Manual land & fresh-water Shells brit. Islands: 71 (Gastropoda). Opinioin 336
rondanii Villa & Villa 1833 [originally in Monotoma], Coleoptera Europae dupleta, p. 36 (senior subjective synonym of Rhopalocerus setosus Redtenbacher 1842, specific name of the type species of Rhopalocerus W. Redtenbacher 1842) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinioin 1397
Rophites Spinola 1808, Insectorum Liguriae species novae aut rariores, vol. 2, p. 8 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Rophites quinquespinosus Spinola 1808) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 1713
ROPHITIDAE Schenck 1866, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 10: 322 (type genus: Rophites Spinola 1808), ruled under the plenary power that this name and other family-group names based on Rophites are not to be given priority over HALICTIDAE Thomson 1869 andother family-group names based on Halictus Latreille 1804 whenever their type genera are placed in the same family-group taxon (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 1713
Roptrocerus Ratzeburg 1848, Die Ichneumonen, 2: 208 (conserved under the plenary power) (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Ashmead 1904 (Mem. Carnegie Mus., 1(4): 388): Pachyceras xylophagorum Ratzeburg 1844, Die Ichneumonen, 1: 218) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 437
ropunctata Gebler 1829 [originally in Lema] (Coleoptera). ICZN 2019: Opinion 2439
roratus Müller 1776 [originally in Psittacus], Natursyst. Suppl.: 77 (valid name at the date of Opinion 938 of the type species of Eclectus Wagler 1832) (Aves). Opinioin 938
Rosacea Quoy & Gaimard 1827, Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Series 1), 10: 176–177 (gender: feminine), ruled under the plenary power that all previous fixations of type species are set aside and Rosacea plicata Bigelow 1911 is designated as the type species (Cnidaria). Opinioin 2157
rosæ De Geer 1773 [originally in Cicada musciformis] (Arthropoda). ICZN 2014: Opinion 2333
rosae Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Cynips], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 553 (specific name of the type species of Diplolepis Geoffroy 1762) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 1754
rosae Fabricius 1794 [originally in Musca], Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, vol. 4, p. 356, ruled under the plenary power not to be invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of Musca rosae De Geer 1776 (specific name of the type species of Chamaepsila Hendel 1917) (Insecta, Diptera). Opinioin 1938
rosae Retzius 1783 [originally in Phalaena grisea] (Arthropoda). ICZN 2014: Opinion 2333
rosarum Fabricius 1787 [originally in Syrphus], Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species ..., vol. 2, p. 341 (specific name of the type species of Pyrophaena Schiner 1860) (Insecta, Diptera). Opinioin 1744
rosea Rathke 1799 [originally in Aplysia], Skr. naturh. Selsk. Kbh., 5(1): 85, 147 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 355
rosea Péron & Lesueur [1810] [originally in Aurellia], Ann. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 14(83): 358 (a junior objective synonym of aurita Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Medusa]). Opinioin 515
rosea Houttuyn [1787] [originally in Patella], Anim. Mus. Houtt. Index: 169 (included in a work suppressed under the plenary power for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 380
roseatus Blyth 1847 [originally in Anthus], J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16: 437 (Aves). Opinioin 803
Rosema Walker 1855, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, part 4, p. 1159 (gender: feminine) (type species, by subsequent designation by Kirby 1892, A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera (Moths), vol. 1 (Sphinges and Bombyces), p. 581: Rosema dorsalis Walker 1855), ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over Zelica Hübner [1825] and Rhogalia Hübner [1825] whenever it is considered a synonym of either of those names (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinioin 1617
rosenbergii De Man 1879 [originally in Palaemon], Notes from the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden, 1(3), Note 41: 167, as defined by the neotype RMNH D 1065 at the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands (lectotype of Palaemon dacqueti Sunier 1925) designated under the plenary power (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 2253
roseus Nobili [originally in Parapleurophrycoides] 1906, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 12: 264 (specific name of the type species of Parapleurophrycoides Nobili 1906) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
ROSMARIDAE Gill 1866, Proc. Essex Inst., 5: 7, 11 (type genus: Rosmarus Brünnich 1771) (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 544
Rosmarus Brünnich 1771, Zool. Fund.: 34, 38, 39 (a junior objective synonym of Odobenus Brisson 1762). Opinioin 467
rosmarus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Phoca], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 38 (specific name of the type species of Odobenus Brisson 1762) (Mammalia). Opinioin 467
rossia Rossi 1790 [originally in Mantis], Fauna Etrusca, 1: 259 (specific name of the type species of Bacillus Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Serville [1828]) (Insecta, Orthoptera). Direction 5
Rostellariigenus [Renier] [1807], [Tav. serv. Class. Conn. Anim.]: Tav. VIII (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 427
Rostrago Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 159 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 592
rostrata [originally in Aelia], all uses prior to rostrata Boheman 1852 [originally in Aelia], Öfvers. k. svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl., 9: 50 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 719
rostrata Boheman 1852 [originally in Aelia], Öfvers. k. svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl., 9: 50 (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinioin 719
rostrata Fabricius 1803 [originally in Aelia], Syst. Rhyng.: 188 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 719
rostrata Lesueur 1817 [originally in Muraena], J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1(5): 81 (a name to be given precedence, by direction under the plenary power, over bostoniensis Lesueur 1817 [originally in Muraena]) (Osteichthyes). Opinioin 569
rostrata Thunberg 1787 [originally in Testudo], Museum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis, part 2, p. 21 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Reptilia, Testudines). Opinioin 1659
rostratus Linnaeus 1761 [originally in Cancer], Fauna svec. (ed. 2): 493 (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 763
rostratus de Geer 1773 [originally in Cimex], Mém. Hist. Ins., 3: 271 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 719
rostratus Koch 1841 [originally in Lynceus], Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden, ein Beitrag zur deutschen Fauna, Heft 36, species 12 (specific name of the type species of Disparalona Fryer 1968) (Branchiopoda). Opinioin 1967
rostratus Elles & Wood 1913 [originally in Monograptus communis var.], Mon. Brit. Grapt. (Palaeontogr. Soc.) (9): 481, pl. xlix, figs. 2a-c, text-fig. 337, as interpreted, by direction under the plenary power, by the lectotype designated by Bulman 1957 (Bull. zool. Nomencl., 13: 315) (Graptolithina). Opinioin 571
rostratus Olivi 1792 [originally in Murex], Zoologia Adriatica ossia Catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e delle lagune di Venezia; preceduto da una dissertazione sulla storia fisica e naturale del golfo; e accompagnato da memorie, ed osservazioni di fisica storia naturale ed economia. x, 334, Bassano, p. 153, ruled under the plenary power not to be invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of rostratus Solander in Brander 1766, as published in the binomen Murex rostratus (Gastropoda). Opinioin 2234
rostratus Solander in Brander 1766 [originally in Murex], Solander, D.C. 1766. Descriptions of species. In Brander, G. Fossilia Hantoniensia collecta, et in Musaeo Brittanico deposita, a Gustavo Brander. vi, Londini, p. 21 (Gastropoda). Opinioin 2234
rostridentatus Bate 1881 [originally in Aristeus], Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)8: 189 (specific name of the type species of Aristaeomorpha Wood-Mason 1891) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 864
rostrocrasso Wilkes [1796] [originally in Alauda], Encyclopaedia Londinensis, vol. 1, p. 235 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Aves). Opinioin 1859
rostrolamellatus Grandjean 1936 [originally in Humerobates], Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 105: 77 (specific name of the type species of Humerobates Sellnick 1928) (Arachnida, Acari). Opinioin 1420
rotatoria Mayer [July] 1843 [originally in Amoeba], Spicil. Observ. anat. Organo electr. Raiis analectr. Haematoz.: 11 (valid name at the date of Direction 77 of the type species of Trypanosoma Gruby 1843) (Mastigophora). Direction 77
rothschildi Kohaut 1903 [originally in Chaetopsylla], Allait. Közlem., Budapest, 2: 40, pl. 4, figs. 7-9; pl. 5, figs. 3, 5, 6 (specific name of the type species of Chaetopsylla Kohaut 1903) (Insecta, Siphonaptera). Opinioin 388
Rotula Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 103 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 592
Rotularis Bertrand 1763 [originally in Echinites], Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 102 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 592
rotunda Hicks 1873 [originally in Ctenodonta], Quart. J. geol. Soc. London, 29: 47 (un under Article 11e). Opinioin 1022
rotunda Salter 1873 [originally in Ctenodonta], Catalogue of the Cambrian and Silurian fossils contained in the Geological Museum of Cambridge, Cambridge: 24 (a nomen nudum). Opinioin 1022
rotunda Quoy & Gaimard 1824 [originally in Thelphusa], in Freycinet, Voy. autour du monde ... ‘Uranie’ et ‘Physicienne’, (Zool.): 527 (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 1205
rotundata Fabricius 1787 [originally in Apis], Mant. ins., 1: 303, as interpreted by the neotype designated under the plenary power (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinioin 1093
rotundata Müller 1774 [originally in Helix], Verm. terrestr. fluviat. Hist., 2: 29 (Gastropoda). Opinioin 336
rotundatus Olivi 1792 [originally in Cancer], Zool. Adriat.: 47 (valid name at the date of Opinion 712 of the type species of Atelecyclus [Leach 1814]) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinioin 712
rotundatus Martin 1809 [originally in Conchyliolithus Anomites], Petrif. derb.: sign. Z[3], pl. 48, figs. 11, 12 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinioin 420
rotundatus Adams & White [1849] [originally in Lupocyclus], Zool. ‘Samarang’ (4) Crust.: 47 (specific name of the type species of Lupocyclus Adams & White [1849]) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
rotundatus Roemer 1911 [originally in Perisphinctes], Fauna Aspidoides-Schichten Lechstedt (Inaug. Dissert.): 44, pl. 8, fig. 2, as interpreted by the lectotype designated by Arkell 1950 (J. Paleontol., 24: 363) (specific name of the type species of Pseudoperisphinctes Schindewolf 1923) (Cephalopoda). Opinioin 324
rotundifrons Milne Edwards 1867 [originally in Heterozius], Ann. Soc. entomol. France, (4)7: 275 (specific name of the type species of Heterozius Milne Edwards 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
rousseauxi Milne Edwards 1853 [originally in Metasesarma], Ann. Sci. nat., Paris (Zool.), (3)20: 188 (specific name of the type species of Metasesarma Milne Edwards 1853) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
rouxii Guérin-Méneville 1832 [originally in Caphyra], Ann. Sci. nat., Paris, 25: 287 (specific name of the type species of Caphyra Guérin-Méneville 1832) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
royerianus d’Orbigny 1841 [originally in Ammonites], Pal. franç., Terr. crét., 1: 365, pl. 112, figs. 3-5 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinioin 428
roylei Moore 1859 [originally in Antheraea] (Insecta, Lepidoptera, SATURNIIDAE): specific name not conserved when considered synonymous with that of the supposed wild progenitor Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville 1855). ICZN 2018: Opinion 2415 (Case 3635)