International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS

taxa names:

Th

THAIDIDAE (correction of THAISIDAE) Jousseaume 1888, Mem. Soc. zool. Fr., 1(2): 176, 179 (type genus: Thais [Röding] 1798) ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over the family-group name PURPURIDAE Broderip 1839 whenever Thais [Röding] 1798 and Purpura Bruguière 1789 are placed in the same family-group taxon (Gastropoda). Opinion 886  

Thais [Röding] 1798, Mus. bolten.: 54 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Iredale 1915 (Trans. N.Z. Inst., 47: 472): Murex fucus Gmelin [1791], Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, vol. 1, part 6, p. 3538, valid name: Nerita nodosa Linnaeus 1758) (Gastropoda). Opinion 886

Thalamita Latreille 1829, in Cuvier, Règne Anim. (ed. 2), 4: 33, nota (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Cancer admete Herbst [1803], Versuch. Naturgesch. Krabben Krebse, 3(3): 40) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 73 

thalamita Stimpson [1871] [originally in Melybia], Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 2 (No. 2): 144 (specific name of the type species of Melybia Stimpson [1871]) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36

Thalamitoides Milne Edwards 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 5: 147 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Rathbun 1922 (Smithson. misc. Coll., 73 (No. 1): 28): Thalamitoides quadridens Milne Edwards 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 5: 147) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 73, Direction 37 

Thalamonyx Milne Edwards 1873, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 9: 168 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Rathbun 1922 (Smithson. misc. Coll. 73 (No. 1): 28): Goniosoma danae Milne Edwards 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 5: 153) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 73, Direction 37 

Thalarctos Gray 1825, Ann. Phil., 26: 62 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Thalarctos polaris Gray 1825, Ann. Phil., 26: 62, valid name: Ursus maritimus Linnaeus 1758) (Mammalia). Opinion 384

Thalarctus Agassiz 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index Univ.: 367 (an unjustified emendation of Thalarctos Gray 1825). Opinion 384

Thalascaris Bate 1878, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)2: 282 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1012 

Thalassalpes Bosc 1813, Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. philomat. Paris, 3(66): 233 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 434  

Thalassarachna Packard 1871, American Journal of Science, 3: 108 (gender: feminine) (type species, by original designation: Thalassarachna verrillii Packard 1871, a junior subjective synonym of Acarus basteri Johnston 1836) (Arachnida). Opinion 2051

Thalasseus Boie 1822 (gender: masculine), type species by subsequent designation by Gray (1855) Sterna cantiaca, confirmed by Opinion 62

Thalassides Berger 1833, Neues Jahrb. Min., 1833: 69 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 292 

Thalassina Latreille 1806, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1: 51 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Thalassina scorpionides Latreille 1806, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1: 52, valid name: Cancer (Astacus) anomalus Herbst 1804) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 434 

THALASSINIDAE (correction by White 1847 (List Crust. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 70) of THALASSINIDES) Latreille 1831, Cours Entomol.: 377 (type genus: Thalassina Latreille 1806) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 434  

THALASSINIDES Latreille 1831, Cours Entomol.: 377 (type genus: Thalassina Latreille 1806) (an incorrect original spelling for THALASSINIDAE Latreille 1831). Opinion 434

Thalassites Quenstedt 1843, Floezgeb. Wuertemb.: 143 (a junior homonym of Thalassites Swainson 1837). Opinion 292

THALASSOCARIDAE Bate 1888, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger’ (Zool.), 24: lxxvii, 481, 682 (type genus: Thalassocaris Stimpson 1860) (an incorrect original spelling for THALASSOCARIDIDAE Bate 1888). Opinion 470  

THALASSOCARIDIDAE (correction by Holthuis 1955 (Zool. Verh., Leiden, 26: 12, 128) of THALASSOCARIDAE) Bate 1888, Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger’ (Zool.), 24: lxxvii, 481, 682 (type genus: Thalassocaris Stimpson 1860) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470

Thalassocaris Stimpson 1860, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860: 42 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Kingsley 1880 (Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879: 426): Regulus lucidus Dana 1852, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 27) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470

Thalassochernes Beier 1940, Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 74: 182 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Chelifer taierensis With 1907) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida). Opinion 1667

Thalia Blumenbach 1798, Abbild. nat. Gögenstände, Göttingen: 30 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Salpa democratica Forsskål 1775, Descr. Anim.: 112) (Urochordata). Opinion 888  

thalia Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Papilio], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 467 (specific name of the type species of Actinote Hübner [1819]) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 214

thalia Leech [1893] [originally in Thecla], Butts. China Japan Corea (2) (Text part 3): 367; (2) (Pl. part 3/4): pl. 30, fig. 15♂ (specific name of the type species of Strymonidia Tutt [1908]) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 541

Thamnophilus Schoenherr 1823, Isis (Oken) 1823: 1136 (a junior homonym of Thamnophilus Vieillot 1816, and a junior objective synonym of Magdalis Germar 1817). Opinion 345 

Thamnophilus Vieillot 1816, Analyse nouv. Ornithol. élém.: 40 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Swainson 1824 (Zool. J., 1(3): 301): Lanius doliatus Linnaeus 1764, Mus. Adolph. Frid., 2: 12) (Aves). Opinion 67

Thaumaleus Krøyer 1849, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, Ny Haefte, 2(6): 604 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Thaumatoessa typica Krøyer in Gaimard [1842]) (Copepoda). Opinion 1869

Thaumastocaris Kemp 1922, Rec. Indian Mus., 24: 244 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Thaumastocaris streptopus Kemp 1922, Rec. Indian Mus., 24: 244) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470  

Thaumastocheles Wood-Mason 1874, Proc. asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1874: 181 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Astacus zaleucus Thomson 1873, Nature, London, 8: 246, 247) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 519  

Thaumastolemur Filhol 1895, Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 1(1): 13 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Mammalia, Primates). Opinion 1737

Thaumastoplax Miers 1881, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)8: 261 (gender: feminine) (type species, through Article 68b(i): Thaumastoplax anomalipes Miers 1881, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5)8: 261) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 37 

Thaumatoessa Heine 1863, Journal für Ornithologie, 11(63): 209-210 (a junior objective synonym of Loddigesia Gould in Bonaparte 1849 and a junior homonym of Thaumatoessa Krøyer in Gaimard [1842]) (Aves). Opinion 1869  

Thaumatoessa Krøyer in Gaimard [1842], Atlas de zoologie ..., pl. 42, figs. 4a-e (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Copepoda). Opinion 1869 

Theba Risso 1826, Hist. nat. princip. Prod. Europ. mérid., 4: 73 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Gray 1847 (Proc. zool. Soc. London, 15: 173): Helix pisana Müller 1774, Verm. terrestr. fluviat. Hist., 2: 60) (Gastropoda). Opinion 431  

THEBINI Wenz 1923, Fossilium Catalogus, I: Animalia, pars 18(2) [1923], p. 381 (type genus: Theba Risso 1826), ruled under the plenary power that the name is not invalid by reason of its type genus being misidentified and that fixation of the type species had been overlooked; not to take the priority of CARTHUSIANINI Kobelt 1904 (Gastropoda). Opinion 2135 

Thecosoma Moquin-Tandon 1860, Elem. Zool. méd.: 342 (a junior objective synonym of Schistosoma Weinland 1858). Direction 76  

Thelxiope Rafinesque 1814, Précis Découv. Trav. somiolog.: 21 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 522  

THELXIOPEIDAE Rathbun 1937, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 166: 62 (type genus: Thelxiope Rafinesque 1814) (invalid because the name of the type genus has been suppressed under the plenary power). Opinion 522  

Thenus Leach 1815, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 11: 335, 338 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Thenus indicus Leach 1815, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 11: 338, valid name: Scyllarus orientalis Lund 1793) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 519

Theodoxus Montfort 1810, Conch. syst. Class. méth. Coquilles, 2: 351 (gender: masculine) (type species, by original designation: Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort 1810, Conch. syst. Class. méth. Coquilles, 2: 351, valid name: Nerita fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758) (Gastropoda). Opinion 335  

Thereva Fabricius 1798, Supplementum entomologiae systematicae, p. 549 (a junior homonym of Thereva Latreille 1797) (Insecta, Diptera). Opinion 2142

Thereva Latreille 1797, Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, deposés dans un ordre naturel par le Citoyen Latreille, p. 168 (gender: feminine), ruled under the plenary power that all previous fixations of type species are set aside and Musca plebeja Linnaeus 1758 is designated as the type species (Insecta, Diptera). Opinion 2142

THERIDIIDAE (correction of THERIDIIDES) Sundevall 1833, Consp. Arach. (1): 15 (type genus: Theridion Walckenaer 1805) (Arachnida). Opinion 517

THERIDIIDES Sundevall 1833, Consp. Arach. (1): 15 (type genus: Theridion Walckenaer 1805) (an incorrect original spelling for THERIDIIDAE Sundevall 1833). Opinion 517 

Theridio Simon 1864, Hist. nat. Araignées: 165 (an unjustified emendation of Theridion Walckenaer 1805). Opinion 517

Theridion Walckenaer 1805, Tabl. Aran.: 72 (gender: neuter) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Aranea picta Walckenaer 1802, Faune paris., 2: 207) (Arachnida). Opinion 517

THERIDIONIDAE Simon 1881, Arachn. France, 5(1): 13 (type genus: Theridion Walckenaer 1805) (an incorrect subsequent spelling for THERIDIIDAE Sundevall 1833). Opinion 517  

Theridium Leach 1824, Ency. Brit. (Suppl. 4th-6th eds.), 1(2): 438 (an unjustified emendation of Theridion Walckenaer 1805). Opinion 517  

Thermophilus Fitzinger 1843, Systema Reptilium ..., p. 21 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Reptilia, Sauria). Opinion 1422 

Thia Leach 1815, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 11(2): 312 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Thia polita Leach 1815, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 11(2): 312, valid name: Hippa scutellata Fabricius 1793) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 693  

THIIDAE Dana 1852, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 86 (type genus: Thia Leach 1815) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 693  

THINNINAE Whitely 1955, Proc. roy. zool. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1953-1954: 51, 52 (type genus: Thinnus S.D. W[ood?], 1837) (invalid because the name of the type genus has been suppressed under the plenary power). Opinion 809 

Thinnus W[ood?] (S.D.) 1837, Analyst, 18: 108 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 809  

Thinonoma Thomson 1859, Skand. Coleopt., 1: 35 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Aleochara atra Gravenhorst 1806, Mon. Coleopt. micr.: 162) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 600

trirhoda Walker 1849 [originally in Aphis] (Opinion 50)

Thoa Lamouroux 1816, Histoire des polypiers coralligènes flexibles, vulgairement nommés zoophytes (Caen): 210 (ruled under the plenary power to be a junior objective synonym of Halecium Oken 1815). Opinion 1220

Tholaster Spencer 1913, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. (B), 204: 137 (a junior homonym of Tholaster Seunes 1891). Opinion 331  

Tholasterina Valette 1915, Bull. Soc. Sci. Hist. nat. Yonne, 68(2): 57 (a junior objective synonym of Valettaster Lambert 1914). Opinion 331  

thompsoni Skinner & Wilde 1965 [originally in Eoparafusulina], Univ. Kansas Paleontol. Contr., Protozoa, 6: 77 (Rhizopoda). Opinion 916

thompsoni Forbes 1841 [originally in Thaumantias], Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (1)7: 84 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Hydrozoa). Opinion 1465 

thomsoni Thomson 1873 [originally in Dorhynchus], Depths of the Sea: 174, 175 (specific name of the type species of Dorhynchus Thomson 1873) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 712 

thomsonii Krefft 1870 [originally in Halmaturus], New South Wales Parliamentary Paper. Wellington Caves (Correspondence relative to exploration of), p. 9 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Mammalia). Opinion 1993

Thor Kingsley 1878, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878: 94 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Thor floridanus Kingsley 1878, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878: 95) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470

thoracicus Gravenhorst 1802 [originally in Staphylinus], Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia ..., p. 170, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of S. thoracicus Geoffroy 1785 and S. thoracicus Villers 1789 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2053

Thoralus Holthuis 1947, Siboga Exped. Mon., 39(A)(8): 45 (gender: masculine) (type species, by original designation: Hippolyte cranchii Leach [1817], Malac. podophth. Brit. (16): pl. 38, figs. 17-21) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 347

Thorectes Mulsant 1842 (Coleoptera). ICZN 2018: Opinion 2411

THORINAE Kingsley 1878, Bull. Essex Inst., 10: 64 (type genus: Thor Kingsley 1878) for use by those who consider that Thor Kingsley belongs to a different family-group taxon from both Hippolyte [Leach 1814] and Lysmata Risso 1816 but not to be used in preference to HIPPOLYTIDAE Bate 1888 by those who consider that Thor Kingsley belongs to the same family-group taxon as Hippolyte [Leach] (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470 

Thorius Cope 1869 (May), American Naturalist, 3(4): 222 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Thorius pennatribus Cope 1869 (May) (= pennatulus Cope 1869 (June))) (Amphibia, Caudata). Opinion 1605

THRAUPIDAE Cabanis 1847, Arch. Naturges., 1847, 1: 316 (type genus: Thraupis Boie 1826) (Aves). Opinion 852, Opinion 1069  

Thraupis Boie 1826, Isis (Oken) 1826: 974 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Tanagra archiepiscopus Desmarest 1806, Hist. Nat. Tangaras, livr. 7, pl. 17, valid name: Tanagra ornata Sparrman 1789) (Aves). Opinion 852  

Threskiornis Gray 1842, Appendix to a list of the genera of birds, p. 13 (gender: masculine) (type species, by original designation: Tantalus aethiopicus Latham 1790) (Aves, Ciconiiformes). Opinion 1674  

THRESKIORNITHIDAE Poche 1904, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27: 498 (type genus: Threskiornis Gray 1842), ruled under the plenary power that this name and other family-group names based on Threskiornis are to be given precedence over PLATALEIDAE Bonaparte 1838 and EUDOCIMIDAE Bonaparte 1854 and other family-group names based on Platalea Linnaeus 1758 and Eudocimus Wagler 1831 whenever their type genera are placed in the same familygroup taxon, or on any other family-group name whose type genus is placed in the same familygroup taxon as Threskiornis (Aves, Ciconiiformes). Opinion 1674

thriambus Dyar 1921 [originally in Culex], Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9: 33 (Insecta, Diptera). Opinion 1644 

Thriops Ghigi 1921, Atti. Soc. ital. Sci. nat., 60: 161-188 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Triops Schrank 1803). Opinion 502 

Thrix Doherty 1891, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 60(2): 35 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Neocheritra nisibis de Nicéville 1895, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 9(3): 316, pl. P, fig. 45) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 894  

thujae Perris 1855 [originally in Hylesinus], Ann. Soc. entomol. France, (3)3: lxxvii, lxxviii (specific name of the type species of Phloeosinus Chapuis 1869) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1167  

THUNNINAE Starks 1910, J. Morph., 21(1): 70-80 (type genus: Thunnus South 1845) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 809  

Thunnus South 1845, Encycl. Metrop., 25: 620 (gender: masculine) (type species, by tautonymy, through Thynnus Cuvier 1817 (Règne Animal, 2: 313): Scomber thynnus Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 297, 298) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 809  

Thyene Simon 1885, Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 10: 4 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Attus imperialis Rossi 1847), ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over Mithion Simon 1884 whenever the two names are considered to be synonyms (Arachnida, Araneae). Opinion 1625

Thylacites Germar 1817, Magazin der Entomologie, 2: 341 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1440  

THYLACITINAE Kirby 1837, Fauna Boreali-Americana ..., vol. 4, p. 207 (invalid because the name of its type genus Thylacites Germar 1817 has been suppressed under the plenary power) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1440  

Thymele [Illiger] 1807, Allgem. Lit. Ztg., Halle (Jena), 1807 (No. 2): 1180 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 232  

Thymele Fabricius 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 6: 287 (a junior objective synonym of Erynnis Schrank 1801). Opinion 232

thymi Wolff 1804 [originally in Lygaeus], Icon. Cimicum (4): 149 (specific name of the type species of Nysius Dallas 1852) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 319

Thynnus Cuvier 1817, Règne Animal, 2: 313 (a junior homonym of Thynnus Fabricius 1775). Opinion 809 

thynnus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Scomber], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, pp. 297, 298 (specific name of the type species of Thunnus South 1845) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 809  

Thyone Oken 1815 (Echinodermata). ICZN 2015: Opinion 2367

thyroidus Say 1817 [originally in Helix], Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1(6): 123 (specific name of the type species of Mesodon Férussac 1821) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1691

Thysanosoma Diesing 1835, Med. Jahrb. öst. Staat (n.f.), 7: 105 (gender: neuter) (type species, by monotypy: Thysanosoma actinioides Diesing 1835, Med. Jahrb. öst. Staat (n.f.), 7: 105) (Cestoda). Opinion 77 Thysanosomum Galli-Valerio 1897, Moderno Zooiatro, 8: 7, 8 (an unjustified emendation of Thysanosoma Diesing 1835). Direction 76