NOMINA CIRCUMSCRIBENTIA INSECTORUM

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REFERENCES

                                                   

Typified names:

Elytrophora Packard 1883

NOMEN: Elytrophora Packard 1883 [A.S. Packard. The systematic position of the Orthoptera in relation to other orders of insects. – Third Report of the U.S. Entomological Commission, 1883: 286-345, pls.]

ORIGINAL LISTED MEMBERSHIP (Packard 1883): Coleoptera + Strepsiptera

JUNIOR CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYMS:

= Coleopteroidea Handlirsch 1903

= Pancoleoptera Crampton 1938

NON-MONOSEMANTIC CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYMS (with uncertain position of Strepsiptera – see COMMENT):

= Coleoptera De Geer 1774 s.l.

= Eleuterata Fabricius 1775 s.l.

= Elytroptera Clairville 1798 s.l.

TYPIFIED NAME IN BASIC FORMAT: Scarabaeus/fg (incl. Xenos)

TYPIFIED NAMES IN USE: Scarabaeidea

MODERN STATUS:  the valid, the oldest monosemantic name of a generally accepted, holophyletic taxon.

Classification of Elytrophora:

Elytrophora
  Strepsiptera

  Coleoptera
    Archostemata
    Pantophaga
      Adephagi
      Myxophaga
      Polyphaga

COMMENT. When the name Coleoptera was introduced, Strepsiptera had not been discovered. Because of this, the name Coleoptera sensu De Geer 1774 can be formally regarded as a non-monosemantic name, which can be ascribed to Elytrophora Packard 1883; really, some authors used the name Coleoptera in such meaning – see . But from the literature of XVIII-XIX centuries we can proceed, that if Stepsiptera would be known to De Geer, he would not include them to his Coleoptera. During the first half of the XIX century, representatives of Strepsiptera were placed either to a separate order (Kirby 1813, et al.), or to Hymenoptera (Rossi 1793, et al.), or to Diptera (Lamarck 1816, et al.), or to other orders, but not to Coleoptera; only beginning from the second half of the XIX century their place within or near Cleoptera was determined (Lankester 1877 et al.). So Coleoptera can be regarded as a monosemantic name, being not a senior synonym of Elytrophora.