NOMEN: Orthoptera Olivier 1789 [A.G. Olivier. Insectes. Characteres des genres des insectes. In: Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle. Paris, 1789. T.4: 19-44]
ορθος (straight) - πτερον (wing) (Kirby & Spense 1826: vol.14: 369)
ORIGINAL SPELLING (Olivier 1789): Orthoptères (in French)
SUBSEQUENT SPELLING (Olivier 1811 [In: Encycl.method. Hist.nat., T.8: 550]): Orthoptera (in Latin)
ORIGINAL LISTED
MEMBERSHIP (Olivier
1789):
Neoblattariae (= Blatta) + (Raptoriae + Spectra)
(= Mantis) + Saltatoria (= Gryllus + Locusta
+ Truxalis
+ Acrydium + Tridactylus) 
JUNIOR
CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYMS:
= Orthopteria
Rafinesque 1815
= Euorthoptera Dominique 1893
= Grylloptera Haeckel 1896
TYPIFIED NAME IN BASIC
FORMAT: Gryllus/f=Blatta/g
TYPIFIED
NAMES IN USE:
MODERN STATUS: the oldest name of a non-accepted, paraphyletic taxon; Orthoptera united Saltatoria, Spectra and a part of holophyletic taxon Pandictyoptera (Blatta and part of Mantis), but did not include Isoptera (Termes), which also belongs to Pandictyoptera.
COMMENT. Originally, the name Orthoptera was given for an order which included the most part of Polyneoptera except for Plecoptera (gen.14), Isoptera (gen.22) and Dermatoptera (gen.166); the insects included into Orthoptera were formerly attributed to Coleoptera sensu Linnaeus. In XIX-XX centuries the name Orthoptera was used in quite various senses – for various artificial taxa in Hexapoda (sometimes including Apterygota), in Pterygota (sometimes including Ephemeroptera, Odonata and some Parametabola) and in Polyneoptera; it was alo used for holophyletic taxa Saltatoria Latreille 1817 (Orthoptera sensu Handlirsch 1903) and Caelifera Ander 1936 (Orthoptera sensu Vickery & Kevan 1983).