CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Rhithrocloeon/fg3.

(1) Apical setae of paraglossa are shifted to ventral side, so that apical margin is free from setae (Kluge 2012: Fig.10) (unique apomorphy); these setae form 3 regular rows. Shape of labium is characteristic and identical in all species: paraglossa is widened apically; labial palp has 2^nd segment bluntly projected medially (unlike sharply projected in Bugilliesia).

(2) Larval claw [slender – see Rhithrocloeon/fg2 (4)] has only one row of denticles (Kluge 2012: Fig.7) (instead of initial two rows). The same in some other taxa of Protopatellata and in Anteropatellata-Baetungulata (see Index of characters [1.2.21]).

Characters of Rhithrocloeon/fg3 of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(3) Hind wings absent; larva has no vestiges of hind protoptera (non-unique apomorphy – see Index of characters [2.2.59]). Among Rhithrocloeon/fg1, the same in Adnoptilum; Mutelocloeon has vestigial hind wings; possibly, synapomorphy.

(4) Each tergalius I–VII is bordered by integral marginal rib, whose whole distal part (including apex of tergalius) bears a regular row of small oblique seta-bearing denticles. The same in many other taxa, but not in Bugilliesia, whose tergalii have apex soft and non-denticulate. In Rhithrocloeon/fg2 shape of tergalii individually varies from oval to lanceolate, symmetric or slightly asymmetric (Gillies 1988: Figs 40–42).